PCB Assembly Machines and Tools

PCB Assembly Machines and Tools for Automated Manufacturing and Manual Repair Work.

PCB Assembly needs sophisticated Machines and Tools for Automated Printed Circuit Board Assembly Process. Machines for Manual Repair Work are little simple. Here I will discuss about both Automatic and Manual PCB Assembly Machines.

PCB Fabrication and Assembly Machines

PCB Fabrication Equipment are those that Design Different Types of PCB Starting from Designing PCB Prototype to Manufacturing PCB from Raw PCB Material to Layering and Copper Itching.

PCB Assembly Machines, Equipment and Tools are Those that are used to Assemble Electronic Components to the PCB to Complete the Printed Circuit Board Assembly. This Assembly Process can be Automated for Mass Production / Manufacturing or Manual for Small Scale PCB Manufacturing / Assembly.

Automated PCB Assemble Machines for Through-Hole Soldering

Automatic Soldering Machines for Through-Hole Electronic Components are Following:

1. Wave Soldering Machine

This is the main machine for any Automatic PCB Assembly Line for Mass Production. This Huge Machine is again divided into following sections:
– Conveyor Belt
– Fluxer or Flux Sprayer
– Preheater or Preheating PAD
– A Pan of Molten Solder that Produces Solder Waves with the Help of a Pump.
ERSA is a Leading Wave Soldering Manufacturer and Exporter.

A Wave Soldering Machine is an Important PCB Assembly Machine for Through-Hole Automated Soldering

2. Solder Pot

This machine also works on more or less on similar principal as the wave soldering machine but on a very small scale. It consists of just a Pot with Molten Solder where Dip Soldering can be Done. This machine is generally used in Small Scale Manufacturing or Production of Small PCBs such as LED Bulb. Goot is a Leading Manufacturer and Exporter of All Types and Sizes of Solder Pots.

Solder Pot is a PCB Assembly Machine for Small Scale Manufacturing

Automated PCB Assemble Machines for SMT

Automatic Soldering Machines for SMT Production Line are Following:

  1. SMT Baking Oven / Curing Oven: In electronics, an oven is required for both adhesive curing and solder paste baking operations. The same or different ovens may be used for adhesive curing and baking of solder paste.
  2. Reflow Soldering Machine: Most important machine for reflow soldering of SMD with Solder Paste. Two major Reflow Soldering Process include – Vapor Phase; and Infrared.
  3. SMT Pick and Place Machine: Picks and places SMD electronic components onto the PCB prior to SMD soldering.
    SMT Pick and Place Machine and Process (Surface Mount Technology)https://youtu.be/oFJrbRKUXdc
  4. Solder Paste Screen Printer Machine: For Screen Printing of Solder Paste on to the PCB.
  5. Solvent Cleaning Equipment: Machine used to clean electronic assemblies (PCB) after soldering to remove excess solder flux.
  6. SMT Repair and Inspection Equipment: For repairing any fault and Inspection of Final PCBA.

Read More on: Surface Mount Technology (SMT)

A Reflow Soldering Machine is Important Soldering Machine in SMT

SMT PCB Assembly Process

Manual PCB Soldering Equipment

These machines are those that are used either for Repairing or for Small Scale Production / Manufacturing. Major of these Tools and Equipment are:

  1. Selective Soldering Machine
  2. Soldering Station and Iron
  3. Hot Air SMD Blower
  4. Automatic and Manual Screwdrivers
  5. Cutters and Pliers
  6. Magnifying Lamp and Microscope
  7. Tools and Equipment for ESD Protection and Prevention
  8. Soldering Consumables (Solder Wire, Bar, Paste, Flux)

Read: Lead-Free Soldering: A Safer Approach to PCB Assembly

PCB Assembly Process

PCB Assembly Process

FAQs: PCB Assembly Equipment

Essential PCB assembly machines include:

  1. Pick and Place Machine: Automatically positions components on the PCB.
  2. Reflow Oven: Melts solder to create strong connections between components and the PCB.
  3. Stencil Printer: Applies solder paste to the PCB before component placement.
  4. Wave Soldering Machine: Used for through-hole components, it creates solder connections by passing the PCB over a molten solder wave.
  5. Soldering Iron/Station: Manual tool for precise hand soldering and rework tasks.

A Pick and Place machine uses mechanical arms equipped with vacuum nozzles to pick up components from reels or trays. It then accurately places these components onto specific locations on the PCB, guided by a digital design file. Vision systems often assist in component alignment. This automated process greatly speeds up PCB assembly process and improves accuracy.

A reflow oven is used to solder SMD components onto a PCB. The solder paste applied earlier melts in the oven, creating a secure connection between the components and the PCB. The oven follows a precise temperature profile to ensure proper soldering without damaging sensitive components due to excessive heat.

Yes, there are specialized tools for PCB rework and repair, including:

  1. Hot Air Rework Station: Used to remove and replace individual components without damaging the PCB.
  2. Soldering Tweezers: Fine-tipped soldering tools for complicated soldering and desoldering tasks.
  3. Desoldering Pump/Braid: Tools to remove excess solder and correct soldering errors.
  4. Multimeter: Measures voltage, current, and resistance to diagnose and troubleshoot PCB issues.
  5. PCB Cleaning Kit: Ensures PCBs are free from contaminants before and after assembly.

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Santosh Das

Santosh, founder of this Electronics Tutorial Website, is an Electronics Geek, Blogger and Young Entrepreneur. He possesses vast experience in the field of electronics, electronic components, PCB, Soldering, SMT, Telecommunication, ESD Safety, and PCB Assembly Tools, Equipment and Consumables. Keep visiting for daily dose of Tips and Tutorials.

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32 Responses

  1. sam says:

    your information really helped me a lot . thanks so can you keep up your work

  2. Owen Davis says:

    Great article. We use a wave solder machine here at Magus Electronics, which performs admirably on our through hole assemblies. A great piece of kit!!

  3. Mariah Gonzales says:

    purchase order

  4. Which processes in PCB manufacturing is more likely to produce some excess dust needing to be sucked away, by specific industrial vacuum units ? yes you guessed it, I’m from an ivacs manufacturer, one that has a range specific for PCB manufacturing.

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