Basic Electronic Components – Types, Functions, Symbols

List of Types of Basic Electronic Components, Functions, Symbols.

Basic Electronic Components are electronic devices or parts usually packaged in a discrete form with two or more connecting leads or metallic pads. These devices are intended to be connected together, usually by soldering to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, oscillator, wireless).

Some of the Basic Electronic Components are: resistor, capacitor, transistor, diode, operational amplifier, resistor array, logic gate etc.

Types of Electronic Components

These are of 2 types: Passive and Active Components. Both these types of components can be either Through-Hole or SMD.

1. Passive Components

These components are those that do not have gain or directionality. They are also called Electrical elements or electrical components.

Example: Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Inductors.

2. Active Components

These components are those that have gain or directionality.

Example: Transistors, Integrated Circuits or ICs, Logic Gates.

Active Components Passive Components
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Resistor
Transistor Capacitor
Integrated Circuit (IC) Inductor
Battery Circuit Breaker
Relay (Can also be used as Passive) Fuse
Diode Switch
Solar Cell Transformer
Current Sensor Electrical Wires & Power Cables
SMD Components Motor

Function of Basic Electronic Components

  1. Terminals and Connectors: Components to make electrical connection.
  2. Resistors: Components used to resist current.
  3. Switches: Components that may be made to either conduct (closed) or not (open).
  4. Capacitors: Components that store electrical charge in an electrical field.
  5. Magnetic or Inductive Components: These are Electrical components that use magnetism.
  6. Network Components: Components that use more than 1 type of Passive Component.
  7. Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators: Passive components that use piezoelectric. effect.
  8. Semiconductors: Electronic control parts with no moving parts.
  9. Diodes: Components that conduct electricity in only one direction.
  10. Transistors: A semiconductor device capable of amplification.
  11. Integrated Circuits or ICs: A microelectronic computer circuit incorporated into a chip or semiconductor; a whole system rather than a single component.

Circuit Symbols of Electronic Components

Basic Electronic Parts and their Function

Conclusion:

I hope you found this article useful.Please share with other so that everybody can gain knowledge. Please share your thoughts and ideas via comments below.

FAQs: Electronic Components

A resistor is used to control the flow of electric current in an electronic circuit by providing resistance. It helps limit the current, divide voltage, and adjust signal levels.

A capacitor stores and releases electrical energy. It is often used to filter signals, smooth voltage fluctuations, and store charge for various applications.

A diode allows current to flow in one direction only. It is used for rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and signal demodulation in various electronic devices.

A transistor acts as an amplifier or a switch in electronic circuits. It can amplify weak signals, control larger currents, and perform logical operations, making it a versatile component in modern electronics.

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Santosh Das

Santosh, founder of this Electronics Tutorial Website, is an Electronics Geek, Blogger and Young Entrepreneur. He possesses vast experience in the field of electronics, electronic components, PCB, Soldering, SMT, Telecommunication, ESD Safety, and PCB Assembly Tools, Equipment and Consumables. Keep visiting for daily dose of Tips and Tutorials.

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95 Responses

  1. Ashok Kumar says:

    Amazing article. Thank you for sharing this information.

  2. Hung Hoang says:

    This is really an interesting post! You have explained each point very clearly.. Thanks for the post!

  3. Electronicsqa says:

    This is an educative article.

  4. Aliop Kevin says:

    Thank you so much for this enlightening post you have expressed each point very clearly…

  5. petterson says:

    Great post! Thanks so much for taking the time to explain each point.

  6. Chidex says:

    Pls can some ten example of passive and active components why tranformer is not an active components

  7. Nasru says:

    It is a very useful I get a very huge knowledge from you thank you very much

  8. anonymous says:

    When transformers step up (or step down) voltage, power and energy remain the same on the primary and secondary sides. As energy is not being amplified

  9. Churva ness says:

    make more videos pls

  10. Md Mazharul Islam says:

    Great, we are really surprised to read your content.

  11. Bulelani Morgan Jim says:

    Thanks a lot for the information

  12. Umesh maurya says:

    I tried to measure AC current using Auto ranging digital multimeter.put red lead into 10A socket of multimeter and another black prove lead into common black socket.when i enter both red & black prove lead into power supply socket it sparked and mcb switch down and a fuse of multimeter blasted.what wrong went.plz guide me

    • kishore kumar says:

      Amps is measured by connecting the meter in SERIES to load. But you have inserted the leads into the power socket and 240 volts was pushed into the meter, which was in amps mode that has very low resistance. So fire works started.
      Wrongs : No load, Parallel supply.
      Advise : Better use clamp meter for measuring AC amps. In multimeter you have to cut the load circuit and hook the probes to the cut ends.
      If your multimeter does not have the SINE wave symbol in amps mode then you cannot use it for measuring AC amps.

  13. Poorni says:

    How to reason of separate the active and passive components?

  14. terstrte says:

    ereljikutt

  15. Vijaiganesh says:

    Marketing

  16. David says:

    Very useful and informative;thanks

  17. Garba yusuf says:

    I have learn more from you thank

  18. Raghu says:

    Very informative about electronic components. It will be helpful for study purpose

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    its the best when we continue to work hard inorder that to achieveon many goals

  20. Mirabel says:

    Thanks for the update

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  24. chrismartin says:

    Amazing Information Thanks for the Article On electric Components, This Article Would be the best For Students.

  25. pappu kumar says:

    Extremely Informative Article, It Was Very Helpful For My Studies. Thanks For It.

  26. smitha says:

    This article is a treasure trove of valuable insights. I’m amazed by the depth of information.

  27. Adam Naseeba Ismaeel says:

    What are the main use of a diode

  28. SURENDRA Kumar says:

    Thanks for sharing your knowledge. To gain a more in-depth understanding.

  29. Jahanzabe Jamil says:

    Amazng contant
    But
    I have a question about capacitor that why we use Capacitor in Circite divces?
    I cannot understand this.
    Please explain me if you giving me a great concept.
    Thank you

  30. electronic Components Fan says:

    This is a great article, I learned a lot about electronic components from it. The author uses clear words and pictures to show us the types, functions, and symbols of electronic components, which made me understand and interested in electronic components more. Thank you for sharing and teaching, I look forward to your more works.

  31. Gopi says:

    Your work here on this blog has been top notch from day 9. You’ve been continously providing amazing articles for us all to read and I just hope that you keep it going on in the future as well. Cheers!

  32. Precision Machine Shop says:

    An extensive summary of fundamental electronic components is given in this article. Precision Machine Shop With images or diagrams of the components stated it would be considerably more educational.

  33. I was captured when you discussed that resistors are used to resist current. My friend needs Ultratech 1700 for their system. I should advise him to turn to a firm that provides semiconductor parts and services.

  34. Gowtam says:

    We want work at home, all types electrical work

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  36. David says:

    ACTUALLY I HAVE LEARNT ALOT

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