How to Solder – Hand Soldering Tutorial
How to Solder Electronic Components – Hand Soldering Tips & Tutorial
How to Solder Electronic Components with Hand – Hand soldering is done during PCB rework / repair in a production unit when a PCB gets rejected or fails the quality pass test.
Hand soldering is also done for repairing and servicing printed circuit boards by service centers.
The main focus of this Tutorial is to make you learn how to solder properly like a professional using the best hand soldering methods and techniques. People who are beginners to soldering and want to learn the basics of soldering will find this article useful and helpful. Hand soldering is also useful when designing PCB prototype.
Table of Contents:
Soldering Tools and Materials Needed for Hand Soldering
1. Soldering iron or soldering station
You need a good quality soldering iron or temperature controlled soldering station that run on electricity. If you are dealing with ESD-sensitive PCB and SMD electronic components, then you need an ESD-safe soldering station.
If you are doing lead-free soldering, you will probably need a temperature controlled soldering iron or soldering station with higher wattage because the melting point of lead-free solder wire is higher than tin-lead wire. Goot RX-802AS is the Best Soldering Station for Lead-Free Soldering.
Goot and Hakko are worldwide leaders in manufacturing and supply of soldering tools and equipments including soldering irons, soldering and desoldering stations, hot air SMD rework systems and all other PCB assembly tools and equipments.
2. Solder wire
For a good solder joint, you need good quality of solder wire. Solder wires are available in tin-lead and Pb-Free compositions in different diameters. Until few years back, 63/37 tin-lead solder was most common form of solder. But with the introduction of RoHS, the electronic companies are going green and lead-free or Pb-Free solder have gained popularity. Tin-Silver-Copper is the most common and widely used combination of lead-free wire. Alpha Cookson is a worldwide leader in manufacturing and supply of soldering materials.
Read: Lead-Free Soldering: A Safer Approach to PCB Assembly
3. Other material needed for Hand Soldering
Apart from soldering tools and wire, you may also need few other consumables like flux, paste, desoldering braid etc. Goot and Techspray are worldwide leaders in manufacturer and supply of PCB rework material.
4. Soldering Tool Kit
A soldering tool kit has everything needed for soldering. A professional soldering tool kit includes – Soldering Iron, Solder Wire, Desoldering Pump, Solder Assist, Desoldering Wick, Tip Cleaner, Tool Bag. If you have a professional Tool Kit like Goot TL-20, you soldering job becomes much easier.
Getting Ready for Soldering
Once you are ready with all the tools and soldering material, you are ready to start. Start by making sure that the PCB and the leads of the electronic components are clean and free from any contamination such as dust or grease. PCB or electronic components which are not clean may have deposited oxides that can lead to bad solder joint. Apply a good quality liquid flux (Alpha Cookson) on the area of the PCB to be soldered and on to the leads of the components. Flux will help to remove any deposited oxides from the surface of the metals thus leading to better joints. You can use a flux pen to dispense flux.
How to Solder – Step By Step
- Make sure the soldering iron is hot. Do not touch it.
- Hold the soldering iron properly in one hand and the wire in the other hand. Maintain proper angle between the two. Try to use a solder wire reel stand that holds the reed of the wire so that you can pull the wire properly.
- Place the solder wire at the point where the lead of the electronic components meets the copper track on the PCB.
- Apply heat at the point where solder wire touches the lead of the component.
- Once done, remove the soldering iron.
- Cut extra leads of the electronic components.
Read: How to Clean and Tin Soldering Iron Tip
PS: A good solder joint should look shiny. Dull joint suggests something is wrong. If you are doing lead-free soldering, the joint will look dull in any case.
Conclusion
This tutorial was meant for hand soldering of thru-hole electronic components only. SMT (Surface Mount Technology) method is different. The quality of soldering tools used, wire, flux and soldering technique determines the quality of a joint. A good joint is the heart of a printed circuit board assembly. The better the quality of solder joints, the better will be the life and performance of the PCB and equipment.
FAQs: Hand Soldering
What tools are needed for hand soldering?
The essential tools for hand soldering include a soldering iron, soldering stand, solder wire, soldering tips, flux, solder wick or solder sucker (for desoldering), and safety equipment like safety glasses and heat-resistant gloves.
How do I solder components effectively?
To solder components effectively, follow these steps:
- Clean the tip of the soldering iron before use.
- Heat the joint with the iron for a few seconds.
- Touch the solder wire to the heated joint, allowing it to melt and flow evenly.
- Remove the solder wire first, followed by the iron. Allow the joint to cool without movement.
What is soldering temperature and how is it controlled?
Soldering temperature refers to the heat of the soldering iron's tip. It is critical to choose the right temperature based on the components and solder being used. Temperature control is typically achieved through adjustable soldering stations, where the temperature can be set and maintained according to the solder's melting point.
How can I improve my hand soldering skills?
Improving hand soldering skills takes practice and attention to detail. Some tips include:
- Choose the right soldering iron and tip for the job.
- Maintain a clean tip and use flux to ensure good wetting and adhesion.
- Practice on scrap components before working on critical projects.
- Use proper magnification to see small details clearly.
- Learn different soldering techniques like drag soldering, through-hole soldering, and surface mount soldering.
Related Posts:
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- SMT Equipment and Machines
- Selective Soldering Machine
- Printed Circuit Board: Design, Diagram and Assembly
- Cleanroom Basics in Manufacturing or Scientific Research
- Soldering Tools & Equipment for Mobile Phone Repairing
This is really an interesting post! To learn how to solder electronic components with hand can be quite frustrating, but having a personal interest can really help to motivate him to explore more especially in electronics. Thanks for the post!
Very Good thanks