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SMD Components – Types of SMD Components

SMD Components or Surface Mount Devices are Electronic Components for SMT. SMD Components for SMT Don’t have Leads Like Thru-Hole Components.

SMD Components or Surface Mount Electronic Components for SMT are no different from through-hole components as far as the electrical function is concerned.

Because they are smaller, however, the SMCs (surface mount components) provide better electrical performance.

Not all components are available in surface mount for electronics PCB Assembly at this time; hence the full benefits of surface mounting on PCB are not available, and we are essentially limited to mix-and-match surface mount assemblies. The use of through-hole components such as BGA and pin grid array (PGA) for high end processors and large connectors will keep the industry in mixed assembly mode for the foreseeable future.

SMD Components

Availability of Different Types of SMD Components

While only a few types of conventional DIP packages meet all the packaging requirements, the world of surface mount packages is vastly more complex.

SMD (Surface Mount Device): Surface Mount Electronic Components for SMT

SMD Components: Surface Mount Electronic Components for SMT

The package types and package and lead configurations available are numerous. In addition, the requirements of surface mount components are far more demanding. SMD or SMCs must withstand the higher soldering temperatures and must be selected, placed, and soldered more carefully to achieve acceptable manufacturing yield.

There are scores of components available for some electrical requirements, causing a serious problem of component proliferation. There are good standards for some components, whereas for others standards are inadequate or nonexistent.

Some electronic components are available at a discount, and others carry a premium. While surface mount technology has matured, it is constantly evolving as well with the introduction of new packages. The electronics industry is making progress every day in resolving the economic, technical, and standardization issues with surface mount components. SMD are available as both active and passive electronic components.

Passive SMD Components Name List and Identification

The world of passive surface mounting is somewhat simpler. Monolithic ceramic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, and thick film resistors form the core group of passive SMD. The shapes are generally rectangular and cylindrical. The mass of the components is about 10 times lower than their through-hole counterparts.

The surface mount resistors and capacitors come in various case sizes to meet the needs of various applications in the electronics industry. While there is a trend toward shrinking case sizes, larger case sizes are also available if capacitance requirements are large. These devices/ components come in both rectangular and tubular (MELF: metal electrode leadless face) shapes.

Passive Surface Mount Electronic Components

Passive Surface Mount Electronic Components

Surface Mount Discrete Resistors (SMD Resistor)

There are two main types of surface mount resistors: thick film and thin film.

Thick film surface mount resistors are constructed by screening resistive film (ruthenium dioxide based paste or similar material) on a flat, high purity alumina substrate surface as opposed to depositing resistive film on a round core as in axial resistors. The resistance value is obtained by varying the composition of resistive paste before screening and laser trimming the film after screening.

In thin film resistors the resistive element on a ceramic substrate with protective coating (glass passivation) on top and solderable terminations (tin-lead) on the sides. The terminations have an adhesion layer (silver deposited as thick film paste) on the ceramic substrate, and nickel barrier underplating followed by either dipped or plated solder coating. The nickel barrier is very important in preserving the solderability of terminations because it prevents leaching (dissolution) of the silver or gold electrode during SMD soldering.

Resistors come in 1/16, 1/10, 1/8 and ¼ watt ratings in 1 ohm to 100 megaohm resistance in various sizes and various tolerance. Commonly used sizes are: 0402, 0603, 0805, 1206, and 1210. A surface mount resistor has some form of colored resistive layer with protective coating on one side and generally a white base material on the other side. Thus the outer appearance offers a simple way to distinguish between resistors and capacitors.

Surface Mount Resistor

Surface Mount Resistor

Surface Mount Resistor Networks

The surface mount resistor networks or R-packs are commonly used as replacement for series of discrete resistors. This saves real estate and placement time.

The currently available styles are based on the popular SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuits), but the body dimensions vary. They generally come in 16 to 20 pins with ½ to 2 watts power per package.

Surface Mount Resistor Networks

Surface Mount Resistor Networks

Ceramic Capacitors for SMT

Surface mount capacitors are ideal for high frequency circuit applications because it does not have any leads and can be placed underneath the package on the opposite side of the PCB Assembly. The most widely used packaging for ceramic capacitors is 8 mm tape and reel.

Surface mount capacitors are used for both decoupling applications and for frequency control. Multilayer monolithic ceramic capacitors have improved volumetric efficiency. They are available in different dielectric types per EIA RS-198n, namely COG or NPO, X7R, Z5U, and Y5V.

Surface mount capacitors are highly reliable and has been used in high volumes in under-the-hood automotive applications, military equipment and aerospace applications.

Surface Mount Ceramic Capacitor

Surface Mount Ceramic Capacitor

Surface Mount Tantalum Capacitors

For Surface Mount capacitors, the dielectric can either be ceramic or tantalum.

Surface mount tantalum capacitors offer very high volumetric efficiency or a high capacitance-voltage product per unit volume and high reliability.

The wrap-under lead capacitors, commonly called plastic molded tantalum capacitors, have leads instead of terminations and a beveled top as a polarity indicator. There are no soldering or placement concerns when using the molded plastic tantalum capacitors. They are available in two case sizes – standard and extended range.

The capacitance value for tantalum capacitors vary from 0.1 to 100 µF and from 4 to 50 V dc in different case sizes. They can also be custom made as per the requirement of the application. Tantalum capacitors are available with or without marked capacitance values in bulk, in waffle packs, and on tape and reel.

Surface Mount Tantalum Capacitors

Surface Mount Tantalum Capacitors

Tubular Passive SMD Components for SMT

The cylindrical devices known as metal electrode leadless faces (MELFs) are used for resistors, jumpers, ceramic and tantalum capacitors, and diodes. They are cylindrical and have metal ends caps for soldering.

Since MELFs are cylindrical, the resistors do not have to be placed with resistive elements away from the board surface as is the case with the rectangular resistors. MELFs are less expensive. Like the conventional axial devices, MELFs are color coded for values. MELF diodes are identified as MLL 41 and MLL 34. MELF resistors are identified as 0805, 1206, 1406 and 2309.

SMD Tubular Passive Components

SMD Tubular Passive Components

Active SMD Components List and Identification

Surface mounting offers more types of active and passive packages than through-hole technology.

Here are all the various categories of active surface mount component packages:

Leadless Ceramic Chip Carriers (LCCC)

As the name indicates, leadless chip carriers have no leads. Instead they have gold plated, groove-shaped terminations known as castellations that provide shorter signal paths allowing higher operating frequencies. The LCCCs can be divided into different families depending on the pitch of the package. The most common is 50 mil (1.27 mm) family. Others are 40, 25 and 20 mil families.

Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier (LCCC)

Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier (LCCC)

Ceramic Leaded Chip Carriers (CLCC) (Preleaded and Postleaded)

Leaded ceramic carriers are available in both preleaded and postleaded formats. The preleaded chip carriers have copper alloy or Kovar leads that are attached by the manufacturer. In postleaded chip carriers, the user attaches the leads to the castellations of the leadless ceramic chip carriers.

When leaded ceramic packages are used, their dimensions are generally the same as in plastic leaded chip carriers.

Ceramic Leaded Chip Carrier (CLCC)

Ceramic Leaded Chip Carrier (CLCC)

Active SMT Components (Plastic Packages)

As discussed above, ceramic packages are expensive and are used primarily for military applications. Plastic SMD packages, on the other hand, are most widely used packages for nonmilitary applications, where hermiticity is not required. The ceramic packages have solder joint cracking due to CTE mismatch between the package and the substrate, but the plastic packages are also not trouble free.

Here are all the Active SMD Components (Plastic Packages):

Small Outline Transistors (SOT)

Small Outline Transistors are one of the forerunners of active devices in surface mounting. They are three- and four-lead devices. The three-lead SOTs are identified as SOT 23 (EIA TO 236) and SOT 89 (EIA TO 243). The four-lead device is known as SOT 143 (EIA TO 253).

These packages are generally used for diodes and transistors. The SOT 23 and SOT 89 packages have become almost universal for surface mounting small transistors. Even as the use of high pin count complex integrated circuits is becoming widespread, the demand for various types of SOTs and SODs continue to grow.

Small Outline Transistors (SOT)

Small Outline Transistors (SOT)

Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC and SOP)

The small outline integrated circuit (SOIC or SO) is basically a shrink package with leads on 0.050 inch centers. It is used to house larger integrated circuits than is possible in SOT packages. In some cases, SOICs are used to house multiple SOTs.

SOIC contains leads on two sides that are formed outward in what is generally called gull wing lead. SOICs need to be handled carefully to prevent lead damage. SOICs come in mainly two different body widths: 150 mil 300 mils. The body width of packages having fewer than 16 leads is 150 mil; for more than 16 leads, 300 mil widths is used. The 16 lead packages come in both body widths.

Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC and SOP)

Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC and SOP)

Plastic Leaded Chip Carriers (PLCC)

The plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) is a cheaper version of ceramic chipcarrier. The leads in PLCC provide the compliance needed to take up the solder joint stress and thus prevent solder joint cracking. PLCCs with large die-to-package ratios may be susceptible to package cracking due to moisture absorption. They need proper handling.

Plastic Leaded Chip Carriers (PLCC)

Plastic Leaded Chip Carriers (PLCC)

Small Outline J Packages (SOJ)

The SOJ packages have J-bend leads like PLCC, but they have pins on only two sides. This package is a hybrid of SOIC and PLCC and combines the handling benefits of PLCC and space efficiency of SOIC. SOJs are commonly used for high density (1, 4, and 16 MB) DRAMSs.

Small Outline J Packages (SOJ)

Small Outline J Packages (SOJ)

Fine Pitch SMD Packages (QFP, SQFP)

SMD packages with very fine pitch and larger number of leads are called fine pitch package. Quad flat pack (QFP) and shrink quad flat pack (SQFP) are examples of fine pitch package. Fine pitch packages have thinner leads and require a thinner land pattern design.

Fine Pitch SMD Packages (QFP, SQFP)

Fine Pitch SMD Packages (QFP, SQFP)

Ball Grid Array (BGA) SMD Components

BGA or Ball Grid Array is an array package like PGA (pin grid array) but without the leads.

There are various types of BGAs, but the main categories are ceramic and plastic BGA. The ceramic BGAs are called CBGA (Ceramic Ball Grid Array) and CCGA (Ceramic Column Grid Array), and the plastic BGAs are referred to as PBGA. There is another category of BGA known as tape BGA (TBGA). The ball pitches have been standardized at 1.0, 1.27, and 1.5 mm pitch. (40,50, and 60 mil pitch). The body sizes of BGAs vary from 7 to 50 mm and their pin counts vary from 16 to 2400. Most common BGA pin counts range between 200 and 500 pins.

BGAs are very good for self alignment during reflow even if they are misplaced by 50% (CCGA and TBGA do not self align as well as PBGAs and CBGAs do). This is one reason for the higher yield with BGAs.

Ball Grid Array (BGA)

Ball Grid Array (BGA)

Video: Types of SMD Components List and Identification

FAQs: SMD (Surface Mounted Devices)

SMD components offer several advantages: They save space on circuit boards, enabling higher component density. They also facilitate automated assembly, reducing production costs. SMD components have better high-frequency performance due to shorter lead lengths and less parasitic effects. Additionally, their smaller size supports miniaturization in electronic devices.

SMD components are soldered using reflow soldering. The process involves applying solder paste to the pads on the circuit board, placing the SMD components on top of the paste, and then heating the board in a reflow oven. The solder paste melts, creating a secure electrical and mechanical connection between the components and the board.

There are various types of SMD components, including:

  • Resistors: Passive components that limit current flow.
  • Capacitors: Store and release electrical energy.
  • Diodes: Allow current to flow in one direction only.
  • Transistors: Control current or amplify signals.
  • Integrated Circuits (ICs): Complex electronic functions in a single package.

While SMD components offer numerous benefits, there are challenges to consider. Their small size makes manual soldering difficult without specialized tools. SMD components can also be more sensitive to heat during soldering, potentially leading to thermal damage. Additionally, troubleshooting and repair can be more complex due to the densely packed nature of SMD PCB assemblies.

Related Articles:

Santosh Das

Santosh, founder of this Electronics Tutorial Website, is an Electronics Geek, Blogger and Young Entrepreneur. He possesses vast experience in the field of electronics, electronic components, PCB, Soldering, SMT, Telecommunication, ESD Safety, and PCB Assembly Tools, Equipment and Consumables. Keep visiting for daily dose of Tips and Tutorials.

Also Read:

101 Responses

  1. Sachin Yadav says:

    Good knowledge

  2. Yuen Man Fung says:

    how can I know the value of a SMD ceramic capacitor without labels on it? Need to de-solder it and measure it?

  3. Muhammad Fareed Sidd Siddiqui says:

    Salam
    We Need SmD Capicitor 10uf, 25v in qty 100 pcs

  4. Farid says:

    Hello
    Electronic part requested for Saudi customer for printing machine
    CI -11 digital contacting encoder
    00966563299325
    Abdullah salem ayed alkhatabi plastic factory
    Jeddah
    Pls advise your quote

  5. ABAH SIMON ONOJA says:

    wao, i just visit your site for the first time, very educative

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